Articles | Volume 32, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-239-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-239-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Regular paper
| 
14 Mar 2014
Regular paper |
| 14 Mar 2014
Evidence of transient reconnection in the outflow jet of primary reconnection site
Key Laboratory of Ionospheric Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
R. Nakamura
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
T. Zhang
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
A. Du
Key Laboratory of Ionospheric Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
W. Baumjohann
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
Q. Lu
Department of Geophysics and Planetary Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
A. N. Fazakerley
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Surrey, UK
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Niklas Grimmich, Ferdinand Plaschke, Benjamin Grison, Fabio Prencipe, Christophe Philippe Escoubet, Martin Owain Archer, Ovidiu Dragos Constantinescu, Stein Haaland, Rumi Nakamura, David Gary Sibeck, Fabien Darrouzet, Mykhaylo Hayosh, and Romain Maggiolo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1087, 2024
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In our study, we looked at the boundary between the Earth's magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field emitted by the Sun, called the magnetopause. While other studies focus on the magnetopause motion near Earth's equator, we have studied it in polar regions. The motion of the magnetopause is faster towards the Earth than towards the Sun. We also found that the occurrence of unusual magnetopause locations is due to similar solar influences in the equatorial and in the polar regions.
Sebastián Rojas Mata, Gabriella Stenberg Wieser, Tielong Zhang, and Yoshifumi Futaana
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2570, 2023
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The Sun ejects a stream of charged particles into space which have to flow around planets like Venus. We quantify how this flow varies with spatial location using spacecraft measurements of the particles and magnetic field taken over several years. We find that this flow is connected to interactions with the heavier charged particles which originate from Venus’ upper atmosphere. These interactions are not unique to Venus so we compare our results to similar studies at Mars and a comet.
Weijie Sun, James A. Slavin, Rumi Nakamura, Daniel Heyner, Karlheinz J. Trattner, Johannes Z. D. Mieth, Jiutong Zhao, Qiu-Gang Zong, Sae Aizawa, Nicolas Andre, and Yoshifumi Saito
Ann. Geophys., 40, 217–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-217-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-40-217-2022, 2022
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This paper presents observations of FTE-type flux ropes on the dayside during BepiColombo's Earth flyby. FTE-type flux ropes are a well-known feature of magnetic reconnection on the magnetopause, and they can be used to constrain the location of reconnection X-lines. Our study suggests that the magnetopause X-line passed BepiColombo from the north as it traversed the magnetopause. Moreover, our results also strongly support coalescence creating larger flux ropes by combining smaller ones.
Martin Volwerk, Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Daniel Heyner, Sae Aizawa, Nicolas André, Ali Varsani, Johannes Mieth, Stefano Orsini, Wolfgang Baumjohann, David Fischer, Yoshifumi Futaana, Richard Harrison, Harald Jeszenszky, Iwai Kazumasa, Gunter Laky, Herbert Lichtenegger, Anna Milillo, Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Rumi Nakamura, Ferdinand Plaschke, Ingo Richter, Sebastián Rojas Mata, Yoshifumi Saito, Daniel Schmid, Daikou Shiota, and Cyril Simon Wedlund
Ann. Geophys., 39, 811–831, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-811-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-811-2021, 2021
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On 15 October 2020, BepiColombo used Venus as a gravity assist to change its orbit to reach Mercury in late 2021. During this passage of Venus, the spacecraft entered into Venus's magnetotail at a distance of 70 Venus radii from the planet. We have studied the magnetic field and plasma data and find that Venus's magnetotail is highly active. This is caused by strong activity in the solar wind, where just before the flyby a coronal mass ejection interacted with the magnetophere of Venus.
Ye Zhu, Aimin Du, Hao Luo, Donghai Qiao, Ying Zhang, Yasong Ge, Jiefeng Yang, Shuquan Sun, Lin Zhao, Jiaming Ou, Zhifang Guo, and Lin Tian
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 10, 227–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-227-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-10-227-2021, 2021
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The Low Orbit Pearl Satellites measure magnetic field with high spatial coverage. Although there is no magnetic cleanliness to the satellites, the triple sensor configuration enables removal of interference. Results show they can capture the Earth’s internal as well as external fields from the magnetosphere–ionosphere current system. This study implies that a large number of small low-cost satellites without magnetic cleanliness could be the future for space magnetic exploration.
Xiaowen Hu, Guoqiang Wang, Zonghao Pan, and Tielong Zhang
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2021-46, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2021-46, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
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We develop an automatic procedure based on the two criteria of the Wang-Pan method, and it consists of three parts: selection of the potentially high Alfvénic fluctuation events, evaluation of the OOLs, and determination of the zero offset. We test our automatic procedure by using three months of the partially calibrated data measured by VEX FGM, and find that our automatic procedure is successful to achieve as good results as the Davis-Smith method.
Geng Wang, Mingyu Wu, Guoqiang Wang, Sudong Xiao, Irina Zhelavskaya, Yuri Shprits, Yuanqiang Chen, Zhengyang Zou, Zhonglei Gao, Wen Yi, and Tielong Zhang
Ann. Geophys., 39, 613–625, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-613-2021, 2021
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We investigate the reflection of magnetosonic (MS) waves at the local two-ion cutoff frequency in the outer plasmasphere, which is rarely reported. The observed wave signals demonstrate the reflection at the local two-ion cutoff frequency. From simulations, the waves with small incident angles are more likely to penetrate the thin layer where the group velocity reduces significantly before reflection. These results may help to predict the global distribution of MS waves.
Daniel Schmid, Yasuhito Narita, Ferdinand Plaschke, Martin Volwerk, Rumi Nakamura, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 39, 563–570, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-563-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-563-2021, 2021
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In this work we present the first analytical magnetosheath plasma flow model for the space environment around Mercury. The proposed model is relatively simple to implement and provides the possibility to trace the flow lines inside the Hermean magnetosheath. It can help to determine the the local plasma conditions of a spacecraft in the magnetosheath exclusively on the basis of the upstream solar wind parameters.
Alexander Lukin, Anton Artemyev, Evgeny Panov, Rumi Nakamura, Anatoly Petrukovich, Robert Ergun, Barbara Giles, Yuri Khotyaintsev, Per Arne Lindqvist, Christopher Russell, and Robert Strangeway
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2020-76, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2020-76, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We have collected statistics of 81 fast plasma flow events in the magnetotail with clear MMS observations of kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs). We show that KAWs electric field magnitudes correlates with thermal/subthermal electron flux anisotropy: wider energy range of electron anisotropic population corresponds to higher KAWs’ electric field intensity. These results indicate on an important role of KAWs in production of thermal field-aligned electron population of the Earth’s magnetotail.
Daniel Schmid, Ferdinand Plaschke, Yasuhito Narita, Daniel Heyner, Johannes Z. D. Mieth, Brian J. Anderson, Martin Volwerk, Ayako Matsuoka, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 38, 823–832, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-823-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-823-2020, 2020
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Recently, the two-spacecraft mission BepiColombo was launched to explore Mercury. To measure the magnetic field precisely, in-flight calibration of the magnetometer offset is needed. Usually, the offset is evaluated from magnetic field observations in the solar wind. Since one of the spacecraft will remain within Mercury's magnetic environment, we examine an alternative calibration method. We show that this method is applicable and may be a valuable tool to determine the offset accurately.
Guoqiang Wang, Tielong Zhang, Mingyu Wu, Daniel Schmid, Yufei Hao, and Martin Volwerk
Ann. Geophys., 38, 309–318, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-309-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-309-2020, 2020
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Currents are believed to exist in mirror-mode structures and to be self-consistent with the magnetic field depression. Bipolar currents are found in two ion-scale magnetic dips. The bipolar current in a small-size magnetic dip is mainly contributed by electron velocities, which is mainly formed by the magnetic gradient–curvature drift. For another large-size magnetic dip, the bipolar current is mainly caused by an ion bipolar velocity, which can be explained by the ion drift motions.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 37, 971–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-971-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-971-2019, 2019
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The mirror mode starts as a zero-frequency ion fluid instability and saturates quasi-linearly at very low magnetic level, while forming extended magnetic bubbles. These trap the adiabatically bouncing electron component which forms pairs near the mirror points. The large pair anisotropy causes further growth beyond quasilinear level. Including pressure equilibrium gives and estimate of the required pair density.
Yasuhito Narita, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Rudolf A. Treumann
Ann. Geophys., 37, 825–834, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-825-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-825-2019, 2019
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Scaling laws and energy spectra for the electric field, magnetic field, flow velocity, and density are theoretically derived for small-scale turbulence in space plasma on which the electrons behave as a fluid but the ions more as individual particles due to the difference in the mass (the Hall effect). Our theoretical model offers an explanation for the small-scale turbulence spectra measured in near-Earth space.
Rudolf A. Treumann, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Yasuhito Narita
Ann. Geophys., 37, 183–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-183-2019, 2019
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Occasional deviations in density and magnetic power spectral densities in an intermediate frequency range are interpreted as an ion-inertial-range response to either the Kolmogorov or Iroshnikov–Kraichnan inertial-range turbulent velocity spectrum.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1563–1576, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1563-2018, 2018
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Historical AMPTE-IRM and Equator-S (Eq-S) observations of magnetic mirror modes in the magnetosheath already support the probably coexistence of ion and electron branches on the mirror mode.
Ching-Chang Cheng, Christopher T. Russell, Ian R. Mann, Eric Donovan, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2018-116, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2018-116, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
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The comparison of geomagnetic active and quite events of double substorm onsets responsive to IMF variations shows that the occurrence sequence of all required substorm signatures looks the same and not different for small and large Kp. Double substorm onsets responsive to IMF variations can be characterized with two-stage magnetic dipolarizations in the magnetotail, two auroral breakups of which the first occurring at lower latitudes than the second, and two consecutive Pi2-Ps6 band pulsations.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 36, 1015–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1015-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1015-2018, 2018
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The physics of the magnetic mirror mode in its final state of saturation, the thermodynamic equilibrium, is re-examined to demonstrate that the mirror mode is the classical analogue of a superconducting effect in an anisotropic-pressure space plasma. Three different spatial correlation scales are identified which control the behaviour of its evolution into large-amplitude chains of mirror bubbles.
Shangchun Teng, Xin Tao, Wen Li, Yi Qi, Xinliang Gao, Lei Dai, Quanming Lu, and Shui Wang
Ann. Geophys., 36, 867–878, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-867-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-867-2018, 2018
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This paper performs a statistical study of the spatial distribution and source region size along a filed line of both rising tone and falling tone whistler waves based on the Van Allen Probes data. The results suggest that both types of chorus waves are generated near the equatorial plane, roughly consistent with previous theoretical estimates. The work should be useful to further understand the generation mechanism of chorus waves.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 35, 1353–1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1353-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1353-2017, 2017
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Poynting's theorem provides a way to determine the spectrum of the dissipation function in magnetic turbulence. It is shown that it includes all contributions of the mechanical part of turbulence. Application to solar wind data identifies the inertial range as a state of self-organization and brings the Taylor hypothesis into question.
Sudong Xiao, Tielong Zhang, Guoqiang Wang, Martin Volwerk, Yasong Ge, Daniel Schmid, Rumi Nakamura, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Ferdinand Plaschke
Ann. Geophys., 35, 1015–1022, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1015-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1015-2017, 2017
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 35, 999–1013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-999-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-999-2017, 2017
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It is suggested that collisionless reconnection under conditions of very strong current-parallel guide fields in dilute plasmas should become a rather efficient source of electromagnetic radiation in the free space modes X and O and their harmonics. The mechanism is based on the electron cyclotron maser instability (ECMI), which can be excited by the anisotropic weakly relativistic electron distribution in the many inertial lengths long electron exhausts caused in reconnection.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 35, 683–690, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-683-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-683-2017, 2017
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We extend the Klimontovich (1967) formulation of kinetic theory of the evolution of the microscopic phase space density to taking into account that the interaction between particles separated from each other at a distance is not instantaneous but requires the transport of information. This is done by reference to the retarded potentials. We derive the fundamental causal Liouville equation for the phase space density of a system composed of a very large number of charged particles.
Martin Volwerk, Daniel Schmid, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Magda Delva, Ferdinand Plaschke, Yasuhito Narita, Tielong Zhang, and Karl-Heinz Glassmeier
Ann. Geophys., 34, 1099–1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-1099-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-1099-2016, 2016
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The behaviour of mirror mode waves in Venus's magnetosheath is investigated for solar minimum and maximum conditions. It is shown that the total observational rate of these waves does not change much; however, the distribution over the magnetosheath is significantly different, as well as the growth and decay of the waves during these different solar activity conditions.
David Fischer, Werner Magnes, Christian Hagen, Ivan Dors, Mark W. Chutter, Jerry Needell, Roy B. Torbert, Olivier Le Contel, Robert J. Strangeway, Gernot Kubin, Aris Valavanoglou, Ferdinand Plaschke, Rumi Nakamura, Laurent Mirioni, Christopher T. Russell, Hannes K. Leinweber, Kenneth R. Bromund, Guan Le, Lawrence Kepko, Brian J. Anderson, James A. Slavin, and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 521–530, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-521-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-521-2016, 2016
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This paper describes frequency and timing calibration, modeling and data processing and calibration for MMS magnetometers, resulting in a merged search choil and fluxgate data product.
Egor V. Yushkov, Anton V. Artemyev, Anatoly A. Petrukovich, and Rumi Nakamura
Ann. Geophys., 34, 739–750, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-739-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-739-2016, 2016
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In the paper we study flapping wave structures, generated in the neutral plane of the Earth magnetotail. Investigated flapping is an important process of magnetosphere dynamics, connected with magnetic energy transformation and magnetic storm formation. Large separation of Cluster spacecraft allows us to estimate both local and global properties of flapping current sheets, the typical flapping times and propagation directions.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 34, 737–738, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-737-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-737-2016, 2016
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The rigorous derivation of the Jüttner (covariant Boltzmann) distribution is provided for anisotropic pressure (or temperature) tensors. It was in similar form anticipated first by Gladd (1983). Its manifestly covariant version follows straightforwardly from its scalar property.
Rudolf A. Treumann, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Yasuhito Narita
Ann. Geophys., 34, 673–689, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-673-2016, 2016
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In support of low-frequency electromagnetic turbulence we formulate the inverse scattering theory of electromagnetic fluctuations in plasma. Its solution provides the turbulent response function which contains all information of the dynamical causes of the electromagnetic fluctuations. This is of basic interest in any electromagnetic turbulence. It requires measurement of magnetic and electric fluctuations but makes no direct use of the turbulent power spectral density.
Rudolf A. Treumann and Wolfgang Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 34, 557–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-557-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-557-2016, 2016
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It is demonstrated that the statistical mechanical partition function can be used to construct various different forms of phase space distributions. This indicates that its structure is not restricted to the Gibbs–Boltzmann factor prescription based on counting statistics. Consequences concerning generalised Lorentzians and more general distribution functions are discussed.
Takuma Nakamura, Rumi Nakamura, and Hiroshi Haseagwa
Ann. Geophys., 34, 357–367, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-357-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-357-2016, 2016
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Magnetic reconnection is a key process in space and laboratory plasmas which transfers energies through the magnetic field topology change. The topology change in this process takes place in a small scale region called the electron diffusion region (EDR). In this paper, using high-resolution fully kinetic simulations, we successfully obtained the firm scaling laws of spatial dimensions of the EDR. The obtained scalings allow us to precisely predict observable dimensions of the EDR in real space.
Sudong Xiao, Tielong Zhang, Yasong Ge, Guoqiang Wang, Wolfgang Baumjohann, and Rumi Nakamura
Ann. Geophys., 34, 303–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-303-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-303-2016, 2016
Y. Narita, R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, K.-H. Glassmeier, U. Motschmann, and H. Comişel
Ann. Geophys., 34, 85–89, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-85-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-85-2016, 2016
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Four-spacecraft Cluster observations of turbulent fluctuations in the magnetic reconnection region in the geomagnetic tail show for the first time an indication of ion Bernstein waves, electromagnetic waves that propagate nearly perpendicular to the mean magnetic field and are in resonance with ions. Bernstein waves may influence current sheet dynamics in the reconnection outflow such as a bifurcation of the current sheet.
Z. H. Yao, J. Liu, C. J. Owen, C. Forsyth, I. J. Rae, Z. Y. Pu, H. S. Fu, X.-Z. Zhou, Q. Q. Shi, A. M. Du, R. L. Guo, and X. N. Chu
Ann. Geophys., 33, 1301–1309, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1301-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-1301-2015, 2015
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We use THEMIS large data set of dipolarization front events to build a 2-D pressure distribution in XZ plane, and thus derive the current system around the dipolarization front. Our results show that a banana current loop is formed around the dipolarization front. This current is also suggested to be the reason for the magnetic dip observed ahead of the dipolarization front. In addition, the current density is too small to contribute a substorm current wedge.
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 32, 975–989, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-975-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-975-2014, 2014
D. Schmid, M. Volwerk, F. Plaschke, Z. Vörös, T. L. Zhang, W. Baumjohann, and Y. Narita
Ann. Geophys., 32, 651–657, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-651-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-651-2014, 2014
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 32, 643–650, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-643-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-643-2014, 2014
H. Aryan, M. A. Balikhin, A. Taktakishvili, and T. L. Zhang
Ann. Geophys., 32, 223–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-223-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-223-2014, 2014
I. Y. Vasko, A. V. Artemyev, A. A. Petrukovich, R. Nakamura, and L. M. Zelenyi
Ann. Geophys., 32, 133–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-133-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-133-2014, 2014
R. Nakamura, F. Plaschke, R. Teubenbacher, L. Giner, W. Baumjohann, W. Magnes, M. Steller, R. B. Torbert, H. Vaith, M. Chutter, K.-H. Fornaçon, K.-H. Glassmeier, and C. Carr
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 3, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-3-1-2014, 2014
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 143–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-143-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-143-2014, 2014
C. Gurgiolo, M. L. Goldstein, W. H. Matthaeus, A. Viñas, and A. N. Fazakerley
Ann. Geophys., 31, 2063–2075, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2063-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-2063-2013, 2013
Y. Narita, R. Nakamura, and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1605–1610, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1605-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1605-2013, 2013
R. A. Treumann and W. Baumjohann
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1191–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1191-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1191-2013, 2013
A. V. Artemyev, A. A. Petrukovich, R. Nakamura, and L. M. Zelenyi
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1109–1114, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1109-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1109-2013, 2013
M. Volwerk, N. André, C. S. Arridge, C. M. Jackman, X. Jia, S. E. Milan, A. Radioti, M. F. Vogt, A. P. Walsh, R. Nakamura, A. Masters, and C. Forsyth
Ann. Geophys., 31, 817–833, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-817-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-817-2013, 2013
C. P. Escoubet, J. Berchem, K. J. Trattner, F. Pitout, R. Richard, M. G. G. T. Taylor, J. Soucek, B. Grison, H. Laakso, A. Masson, M. Dunlop, I. Dandouras, H. Reme, A. Fazakerley, and P. Daly
Ann. Geophys., 31, 713–723, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-713-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-713-2013, 2013
A. Alexandrova, R. Nakamura, V. S. Semenov, I. V. Kubyshkin, S. Apatenkov, E. V. Panov, D. Korovinskiy, H. Biernat, W. Baumjohann, K.-H. Glassmeier, and J. P. McFadden
Ann. Geophys., 30, 1727–1741, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1727-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1727-2012, 2012
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