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Ann. Geophys., 20, 1073-1079, 2002
www.ann-geophys.net/20/1073/2002/
© European Geosciences Union 2002
Case studies of space weather events from their launching on the Sun to their impacts on power systems on the Earth
H.-L. Lam, D. H. Boteler, and L. Trichtchenko
Geomagnetic Laboratory, Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 7 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0Y3, Canada
Correspondence to: H.-L. Lam (hlam@nrcan.gc.ca)
Abstract. Active geomagnetic
conditions on 12–13, 15–16, and 22–23 September 1999 resulted in
geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) measurable in power systems in Canada
and the United States. Different solar origins for these three events gave rise
to dissimilar interplanetary signatures. We used these events to present three
case studies, each tracing an entire space weather episode from its inception
on the Sun, propagation through the interplanetary medium, manifestation on the
ground as intense magnetic and electric fluctuations, and its eventual impact
on technological systems.
Key words. Geomagnetism and
paleomagnetism (rapid time variations) – Interplanetary physics
(interplanetary magnetic fields) – Solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy
(flares and mass ejections)
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