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Ann. Geophys., 19, 889-897, 2001
www.ann-geophys.net/19/889/2001/
© European Geosciences Union 2001
Precipitating clouds observed by 1.3-GHz boundary layer radars in equatorial Indonesia
F. Renggono1, H. Hashiguchi2, S. Fukao2, M. D. Yamanaka3,4, S.-Y. Ogino3, N. Okamoto3, F. Murata3, B. P. Sitorus1, M. Kudsy1, M. Kartasasmita5, and G. Ibrahim6
1Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
2Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011, Japan
3Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
4Frontier Observation Research System for Global Change, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–0013, Japan
5National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta Timur 13220, Indonesia
6Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Agency (BMG), Jalan Angkasa I no 2 Kemayoran, Jakpus 10720, Indonesia
Abstract. Temporal variations of
precipitating clouds in equatorial Indonesia have been studied based on
observations with 1357.5 MHz boundary layer radars at Serpong (6.4° S, 106.7°
E) near Jakarta and Bukittinggi (0.2° S, 100.3° E) in West Sumatera. We have
classified precipitating clouds into four types: stratiform, mixed stratiform-convective,
deep convective, and shallow convective clouds, using the Williams et al.
(1995) method. Diurnal variations of the occurrence of precipitating clouds at
Serpong and Bukittinggi have showed the same characteristics, namely, that the
precipitating clouds primarily occur in the afternoon and the peak of the
stratiform cloud comes after the peak of the deep convective cloud. The time
delay between the peaks of stratiform and deep convective clouds corresponds to
the life cycle of the mesoscale convective system. The precipitating clouds
which occur in the early morning at Serpong are dominated by stratiform cloud.
Concerning seasonal variations of the precipitating clouds, we have found that
the occurrence of the stratiform cloud is most frequent in the rainy season,
while the occurrence of the deep convective cloud is predominant in the dry
season.
Key words. Meteorology and
atmospheric dynamics (convective processes; precipitation; tropical
meteorology)
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