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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ANGEO</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annales Geophysicae</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ANGEO</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1432-0576</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/angeo-19-1095-2001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Double discontinuities at the magnetotail plasma sheet-lobe boundary</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Whang</surname>
<given-names>Y. C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fairfield</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lepping</surname>
<given-names>R. P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mukai</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Saito</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Slavin</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Szabo</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>1095</fpage>
<lpage>1105</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.ann-geophys.net/19/1095/2001/angeo-19-1095-2001.html">This article is available from http://www.ann-geophys.net/19/1095/2001/angeo-19-1095-2001.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.ann-geophys.net/19/1095/2001/angeo-19-1095-2001.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.ann-geophys.net/19/1095/2001/angeo-19-1095-2001.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A double discontinuity is
 a compound structure composed of a slow shock layer and an adjoining rotational
 discontinuity layer on the postshock side. We use high-resolution data from
 Geotail and Wind spacecraft to examine the interior structure within the finite
 thickness of the discontinuity at the plasma sheet-lobe boundary and found that
 recognizable MHD structures at the boundary can be stand-alone slow shocks or
 double discontinuities. The plasma density increases significantly and the
 magnetic field intensity decreases significantly across the interior of the
 slow shock layer. Through the rotational layer, the magnetic field rotates
 about the normal direction of the shock surface, as the plasma density and the
 magnetic field intensity remain nearly unchanged. The rotational angle can vary
 over a wide range. We notice that the observations of double discontinuities
 are no less frequent than the observations of stand-alone slow shocks.
 Identification of slow shocks and double discontinuities infers that plasma and
 magnetic field lines continuously move across the boundary surface from the
 lobe into the plasma sheet, and there is a conversion of magnetic field energy
 into plasma thermal energy through the slow shock layer. The double
 discontinuities also allows for a rapid rotation of the postshock magnetic
 field lines immediately behind the shock layer to accommodate the environment
 of the MHD flow in the plasma sheet region.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Key words. &lt;/b&gt;Magnetospheric physics
 (plasma sheet) Space plasma physics (discontinuities; shock waves)</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="11"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
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